See esmь on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jesmʹ",
"word": "есмь"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "jesʹm",
"word": "єсьм"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "jem",
"word": "єм"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "jesmĭ",
"word": "есмь"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "jesmĭ",
"word": "есмь"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "jesmĭ",
"word": "ѥсмь"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sǎm",
"word": "съм"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sam",
"word": "сам"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "sum",
"word": "сум"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "јѐсам"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "са̏м"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "jèsam"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "sȁm"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "sə̏m"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "ieſem"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Moravian",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "su"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "jsem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "jsem"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "jem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-m"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jestem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jest jeśm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jestem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jestem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "jeśm (iesm/gesm)"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "som",
"word": "сом"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "som"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "som"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "sym"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "som"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*ésmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ésmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "esmì"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian esmi̇̀",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "asmai"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian asmai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ṣem"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ṣem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ṣeym"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ṣeym",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अस्मि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अस्मि (asmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian եմ (em)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒂊𒌍𒈪",
"tr": "esmi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἰμί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-aeo",
"2": "ἔμμι"
},
"expansion": "Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "jam"
},
"expansion": "Albanian jam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sum"
},
"expansion": "Latin sum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*immi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *immi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "am"
},
"expansion": "English am",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "em"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse em",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ésmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.\nBaltic cognates are\nLithuanian esmi̇̀,\nOld Prussian asmai.\nIndo-European cognates are\nTocharian A ṣem,\nTocharian B ṣeym,\nSanskrit अस्मि (asmi),\nAvestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī),\nOld Armenian եմ (em),\nHittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi),\nAncient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi),\nAlbanian jam,\nLatin sum,\nProto-Germanic *immi,\nEnglish am,\nOld Norse em.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "*esmь",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esmь",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "I am",
"word": "byti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of *byti (I am)"
],
"id": "en-esmь-sla-pro-verb-xNmQol0~",
"links": [
[
"*byti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"reconstruction",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "esmь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jesmʹ",
"word": "есмь"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "jesʹm",
"word": "єсьм"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "jem",
"word": "єм"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "jesmĭ",
"word": "есмь"
},
{
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"roman": "jesmĭ",
"word": "есмь"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "jesmĭ",
"word": "ѥсмь"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sǎm",
"word": "съм"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sam",
"word": "сам"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "sum",
"word": "сум"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "јѐсам"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "са̏м"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "jèsam"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "sȁm"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "sə̏m"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "ieſem"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Moravian",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "su"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "jsem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "jsem"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "jem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-m"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jestem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jest jeśm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "jestem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "jestem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "jeśm (iesm/gesm)"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "som",
"word": "сом"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "som"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "som"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "sym"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "som"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*ésmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ésmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "esmì"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian esmi̇̀",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "asmai"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian asmai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ṣem"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ṣem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ṣeym"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ṣeym",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अस्मि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अस्मि (asmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "եմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian եմ (em)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒂊𒌍𒈪",
"tr": "esmi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "εἰμί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-aeo",
"2": "ἔμμι"
},
"expansion": "Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "jam"
},
"expansion": "Albanian jam",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sum"
},
"expansion": "Latin sum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*immi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *immi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "am"
},
"expansion": "English am",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "em"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse em",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ésmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.\nBaltic cognates are\nLithuanian esmi̇̀,\nOld Prussian asmai.\nIndo-European cognates are\nTocharian A ṣem,\nTocharian B ṣeym,\nSanskrit अस्मि (asmi),\nAvestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī),\nOld Armenian եմ (em),\nHittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi),\nAncient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi),\nAlbanian jam,\nLatin sum,\nProto-Germanic *immi,\nEnglish am,\nOld Norse em.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "*esmь",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/esmь",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "I am",
"word": "byti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of *byti (I am)"
],
"links": [
[
"*byti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/byti"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"reconstruction",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "esmь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for esmь meaning in All languages combined (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.